a16z crypto: AI is still unable to break modern cryptography, but it can accelerate security reviews

a16z crypto invited Stanford University professor Dan Boneh, a16z crypto partner Eddy Lazzarin, and other experts to discuss the threats AI poses to cryptography. The experts pointed out that recent advancements in AI in the field of mathematics have not included cryptographic results and have not proven any specific cryptographic assumptions to be less secure.

The experts stated that modern cryptography relies on the assumption that certain mathematical problems do not have efficient algorithms; if this assumption holds, no matter how powerful AI becomes, it cannot find algorithms that do not exist. This assumption is related to the unsolved P vs NP problem in computer science, and current AI advancements have not yet touched upon this issue.

The experts believe that AI can significantly reduce the time required for cryptographic reviews. Hypotheses that previously took ten years to validate can now allow models to run for a month to attempt to break them. At the same time, the migration work driven by quantum threats has prepared for some of the risks posed by AI, and cryptographic agility can help systems switch methods when weaknesses are discovered. For developers, the most direct opportunity is to use AI to discover more vulnerabilities before software deployment.