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zk

Brevis co-founder Michael: In the next decade, 99% of blockchain computing will move off-chain, and ZK proofs will become key infrastructure

At the "Build and Scale in 2026" themed forum held by ChainCatcher in Hong Kong, Michael, co-founder & CEO of the ZK verifiable computing platform Brevis, delivered a keynote speech on "The Infinite Computing Layer Where Everything Can Be Computed," sharing how ZK technology is driving a fundamental transformation in the blockchain computing paradigm.Michael pointed out that the current on-chain computing costs are high and the speed is slow. The "verifiable computing" paradigm proposed by Brevis can offload heavy computations to off-chain, requiring only low-cost verification on-chain, achieving decoupling of computation and verification while supporting privacy protection scenarios.The speech showcased the performance breakthroughs of Brevis's core product, Pico ZKVM: its latest generation, Pico Prism, can complete Ethereum block proofs in an average of 6.9 seconds, with 99.6% of blocks completed within 12 seconds, achieving real-time proof (RTP) for Ethereum for the first time. Currently, Pico ZKVM, as an "on-chain ZK data co-processor," has been applied in various scenarios such as privacy-preserving incentive distribution, high-performance DeFi, and trustless on-chain data computation, providing Rust programming support for developers with zero ZK development experience.Michael predicts that in the next 10 years, 99% of blockchain computing will occur off-chain, verified through ZK proofs. Brevis is driving this process through its verifiable computing infrastructure.

Vitalik: Re-examining the "Cottage in the Woods" concept, ZK technology changes the trade-off logic of blockchain

Vitalik Buterin recently stated that he no longer fully agrees with the old view of blockchain as "only recording transaction order, not committing to state," and explained the reasons for his change in perspective.Vitalik pointed out that his early opposition to this idea was primarily based on the fact that if the chain does not commit to state, ordinary users must either fully verify all transactions from the genesis block or be forced to trust a single third-party service provider, both of which are not ideal options. In contrast, designs like Ethereum that commit to the state root in the block header allow for the verification of any state through Merkle proofs under the "majority honest" consensus assumption, which is much more feasible. He emphasized that the real game changer is the development of zero-knowledge technologies like ZK-SNARKs, which make it possible to verify the correctness on-chain without re-executing all transactions, thus "achieving both security and scalability."Additionally, Vitalik reflected on the uncertainties in the real world: network interruptions, service provider shutdowns, consensus centralization, and censorship risks can occur at any time. Therefore, the blockchain system must always retain a fallback that is "self-verifiable without relying on others." In his view, the "cabin in the woods" is not a model for everyone to live in daily, but rather a safety net in extreme situations, and it is also an important leverage against intermediaries and service providers. Maintaining such a minimally viable and autonomously usable path is an indispensable part of Ethereum's long-term evolution.

Vitalik: Shift in attitude towards supporting native Rollups, ZK timeline gradually maturing

Vitalik Buterin stated that he is "significantly more inclined to support native rollups" compared to the past. Vitalik recalled that a major reason for opposing native rollups previously was that their precompiled solutions had to choose between ZK mode or Optimistic mode, and at that time, ZK-EVM was not mature. L2 often chose the latter, which involved "fast withdrawals but self-proving risks" versus "relying on Ethereum's security but needing to wait 2-7 days for withdrawals," thereby weakening Ethereum's composability and promoting the prevalence of multi-signature bridges and other solutions.Vitalik pointed out that the situation is changing: Ethereum's timeline for fully adopting ZK at the L1 level is gradually aligning with the realistic progress of introducing native rollup precompiles, and the aforementioned core obstacles are expected to be eliminated. He also mentioned that the community is increasingly viewing "synchronous composability" as one of the core values of L2 and is exploring the combination of rollup-based solutions with low-latency pre-confirmation mechanisms.In addition, Vitalik emphasized that the design of native rollup precompiles should not be rushed in its implementation. He expressed a hope that in the future, there would be a property such that if developers build a rollup that is "EVM plus a small amount of extended functionality," they could directly reuse the EVM part of the native rollup precompiles and only introduce a custom proof system for the new features, connecting the two in a standardized way.

Vitalik: Shift in attitude towards supporting native Rollups, ZK timeline gradually matures

Vitalik Buterin stated that he is "significantly more inclined to support native rollups" compared to the past. Vitalik reflected that a key reason for opposing native rollups previously was that their precompiled solutions had to choose between ZK mode or Optimistic mode, and at that time, ZK-EVM was not mature. L2 often chose the latter option, which involved "fast withdrawals but self-bear proof risks" versus "relying on Ethereum's security but needing to wait 2-7 days for withdrawals," thereby weakening Ethereum's composability and promoting the proliferation of multi-signature bridge solutions.Vitalik pointed out that the situation is changing: Ethereum's timeline for fully adopting ZK at the L1 level is gradually aligning with the realistic progress of introducing native rollup precompiles, and the aforementioned core obstacles are expected to be eliminated. He also mentioned that the community is increasingly viewing "synchronous composability" as one of the core values of L2 and is exploring the combination of rollup-based solutions with low-latency pre-confirmation mechanisms.Additionally, Vitalik emphasized that the design of native rollup precompiles should not be rushed in its specific implementation. He expressed a hope that in the future, there would be a property such that if developers build a rollup that is "EVM with a small amount of extended functionality," they can directly reuse the EVM part of the native rollup precompiles and only introduce a custom proof system for the new features, connecting the two in a standardized way.
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