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Gray Research Director: Ethereum is like a "small country," and the issuance of ETH determines the balance between network security and currency

Zach Pandl, the head of research at Grayscale, posted on the X platform comparing Ethereum to a "small country" and discussed the ETH issuance mechanism. He believes that Ethereum has only one core "government function": to protect property rights and value exchange within the system. Unlike traditional countries that provide public services through taxation, Ethereum primarily funds network security through "seigniorage," which is the issuance of new ETH.In this framework, the stakers responsible for maintaining network security are akin to a group providing public services, as they receive rewards through newly issued ETH. Therefore, Ethereum's staking mechanism and ETH issuance policy essentially constitute the network's fiscal and monetary policy. Zach Pandl pointed out that the Ethereum community needs to decide how much "new currency" should be used to cover network security costs. More security typically means stronger protection of property rights, but at the cost of a higher ETH issuance rate and potential other risks.For example, if network security increasingly relies on a few large staking service providers, there remains room for discussion about whether these providers can maintain the asset rights of all users completely neutrally. Pandl believes that, just as in traditional economies, no one knows the "optimal level" of government spending and currency issuance; the same applies to Ethereum. However, Ethereum has several key security thresholds, including: 1/3: an attacker reaching this ratio may affect finality; 1/2: affects blockchain fork choice; 2/3: can control the finality process. Some community members believe that the design of Ethereum's monetary and fiscal policy should consider the security trade-offs brought by these key ratios, while the current mechanism has not adequately incorporated these factors. However, the above analogy is not entirely accurate, as it does not yet involve other important factors such as the ETH burn mechanism, MEV, governance, etc.

Michael Saylor proposed the digital asset spectrum framework: BTC represents digital capital, and STRC represents digital credit

The founder of Strategy, Michael Saylor, proposed the concept of the "Digital Assets Monetary Spectrum," categorizing different types of digital assets based on volatility, potential returns, and trading functions.Saylor stated that the digital asset system can be divided into four levels: Bitcoin (BTC): Digital Capital (Digital Capital) STRC: Digital Credit (Digital Credit) SR-strcUSX: Digital Money (Digital Money) USDT: Digital Currency (Digital Currency).He believes that from left to right, asset volatility and potential returns gradually decrease, while stability and trading utility continuously increase. Saylor stated that Bitcoin is the "ultimate value storage asset," possessing high volatility, high potential returns, and the attributes of a digital asset that does not require third-party credit endorsement; whereas stablecoins are the "ultimate medium of exchange," emphasizing stability and payment functionality. In between the two, digital credit and digital currency serve as a bridge connecting capital and currency. Among them, STRC is defined by Saylor as "digital credit," characterized by relative stability, high fixed returns, and certain value storage attributes.He further stated that digital currency combines digital currency technology with digital capital economic attributes, possessing stability, earning capacity, trading convenience, and value storage functions. Saylor noted that digital capital belongs to bearer assets, while assets such as digital credit, digital currency, and digital cash are created and managed by digital financial companies, with their ownership layer corresponding to "Digital Equity." These components together form the future "Digital Finance Stack."

hot_img Tencent's Q2 revenue reached 204.79 billion yuan, an 11% year-on-year increase, with capital expenditure of 52.78 billion yuan exceeding expectations, and rapid growth in WorkBuddy users

Tencent Holdings released its Q2 2026 financial report, with revenue of 204.79 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11%, slightly exceeding market expectations; Non-IFRS net profit was 68.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9%; profit attributable to equity holders of the company was 56.022 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.7%. Capital expenditure was 52.78 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 176%, far exceeding the market expectation of 32.14 billion yuan, mainly used for AI infrastructure investment. The free cash flow for the quarter was negative 13.8 billion yuan; excluding prepayments for AI computing power purchases, free cash flow was 37.6 billion yuan.In terms of business, value-added services revenue was 98.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8%, with domestic game revenue at 47.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 17%, significantly contributed by "Delta Action," "Valorant," and "Lock Kingdom: World"; international market game revenue was 18.6 billion yuan, down 0.8% year-on-year due to exchange rate effects, but up 4% year-on-year when calculated at constant exchange rates. Marketing services revenue was 43.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%, making it the fastest-growing segment; financial technology and enterprise services revenue was 60.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9%.Regarding AI products, the report specifically mentioned that WorkBuddy achieved rapid user growth and a healthy user retention rate, with strong user willingness to pay. Its market-leading position is attributed to its strong harness engineering capabilities, a rich selection of models, and an industry-leading skill library. The official version of Hy3 saw a more than 68-fold increase in usage in the week following its launch compared to the previous generation, consistently ranking among the top three globally in terms of OpenRouter token consumption, with plans for a larger parameter scale Hy4 to be released soon. The AI agent Xiaowei within WeChat has initiated a small-scale gray testing. Excluding the contribution from new AI products, Non-IFRS operating profit increased by 19% year-on-year to 86.1 billion yuan. By the end of the quarter, the company's net cash decreased from 146.9 billion yuan at the end of March to 58.2 billion yuan.
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