l2

According to Cointelegraph, Nansen's CEO Alex Svanevik stated in a recent interview that Robinhood is unlikely to launch a token, as this could create competition with its publicly traded stock HOOD.Alex Svanevik pointed out that the Layer 2 network currently launched by Robinhood is already operating based on the Ethereum ecosystem and has a Gas token for paying network fees, so there is no need to issue an additional platform token. He believes that the core purpose of Robinhood's layout of blockchain infrastructure is to enhance product capabilities using blockchain technology, rather than financing through token issuance or building a new economic model.Previously, the market speculated that Robinhood might follow some crypto projects to launch an ecosystem token, but it seems that the company is more likely to use blockchain as an underlying technological tool rather than building a business system around tokens.

Chairman of Bitmine, Tom Lee, posted on the X platform stating that Ethereum is expected to become the most widely used settlement layer for finance and AI agents, "ETH is the on-chain currency."In addition, in the interview content he shared, Tom Lee also responded to the market's concern that Ethereum is being eroded by Layer 2. He expressed disagreement and pointed out that although Layer 2 networks have attracted tens of millions of real-world users into the on-chain ecosystem, the Ethereum mainnet is still further consolidating its position as the primary economic settlement center, with the Fast Confirmation mechanism able to reduce transfer friction by about 98%.

According to Coindesk, Bernstein stated in a research report released on Monday that Robinhood's newly launched blockchain, Robinhood Chain, has performed strongly since its launch, quickly becoming one of the most active networks for decentralized trading.The report noted that since the mainnet went live on July 1, the DEX trading volume on Robinhood Chain reached $3.1 billion in the past week, ranking it among the top five chains by DEX activity. Currently, over 65,000 users hold approximately $13 million in tokenized stocks and $300 million in stablecoins on the chain.Bernstein believes that the early adoption of Robinhood Chain highlights the accelerated integration of tokenized real-world assets with the broader DeFi ecosystem. The network is built on Arbitrum, an Ethereum Layer 2, supporting Robinhood's tokenized stock products, providing 24/7 trading, self-custody, as well as on-chain use cases such as lending and collateralization, and has integrated with partners like Uniswap, Morpho, Lighter, Chainlink, and BitGo.The report also stated that although the current early trading volume is primarily driven by meme coins, Robinhood is expected to focus more on tokenized stocks, commodities, and other RWA assets, as well as perpetual contract business in the future.

Offchain Labs co-founder Steven Goldfeder posted on the X platform that as enterprise adoption accelerates, Arbitrum is ready to capture revenue. 10% of the fees collected by Robinhood Chain and all other Arbitrum L2s will flow into the Arbitrum ecosystem—8% will go into a treasury controlled by token holders, and 2% will be used to fund development.100% of the fees collected on Arbitrum One will be allocated to the Arbitrum treasury. According to previous reports, Robinhood Chain is an Ethereum Layer 2 network built on the Arbitrum tech stack.

The Bitcoin Layer2 network Botanix announced that it will gradually shut down, and users need to withdraw Bitcoin and other assets before July 9. The team summarized several lessons: the current market demand for Bitcoin programmability is not yet mature; token issuance strategies generally perform poorly; most DeFi users prefer the WBTC solution on Ethereum; on-chain economics is concentrating towards centralized platforms like Hyperliquid and Robinhood; users mainly use Bitcoin for value storage rather than high-frequency trading, making it difficult for network fee revenue to cover infrastructure costs.Botanix stated that rather than continuing to invest without generating new insights, it is better to stop while there are still resources. After July 9, the remaining Bitcoin will be uniformly reclaimed by the validators of the Botanix network's Federation, and other assets will be unrecoverable.

StarkWare announced on the X platform that the Starknet v0.14.3 version will go live on the mainnet this month, with the testnet launch scheduled for June 9 and the mainnet launch scheduled for June 22. The new version will support dynamic L2 Gas base fee adjustments based on STRK, improve block generation speed, reduce the target L2 Gas consumption per block while keeping the maximum block size unchanged, and deprecate RPC 0.8.Due to the significant changes included in this update, the official recommends that all developers carefully read the pre-release notes to prepare for compatibility and upgrades.

Lighter officially stated on X that it has completed the escape mechanism verification conducted by the third party L2BEAT, which means that even if the sequencer at the L2 level fails, users can withdraw funds from Lighter's L2 back to Ethereum in a permissionless manner. It is the first L2 Perp DEX in the industry to achieve this functionality.

Kelp announced on platform X that the rsETH protocol has fully resumed normal operation, and the related functions have been re-launched on the mainnet and all Layer 2 networks, with the overall system status restored to normal levels. The rsETH exchange rate has been updated, accounting for all staking reward earnings accumulated during the suspension period. Meanwhile, EIGEN rewards are now open for distribution to rsETH holders, covering the entire suspension period.In addition, the deposit and withdrawal functions have been restored on the mainnet and Layer 2 networks, and the rsETH asset support status has been fully restored to 100% backing. The official emphasized that the current rsETH has achieved complete and sufficient support on the mainnet and L2 networks, and all operational processes have returned to normal.

Aave stated that the first batch of rsETH has been transferred to LayerZero's OFT adapter, and cross-chain operations for rsETH between the mainnet and various L2s have been reopened.This progress means that the previously affected rsETH cross-chain channels have been restored for use, covering the Ethereum mainnet and L2 networks.

The gaming public chain Ronin announced that it will migrate to Ethereum Layer 2 on May 12, during which there will be an approximately 10-hour downtime for on-chain operations. Normal operations will resume after the migration is completed, and its underlying architecture will be built on the OP Stack, with EigenDA integrated as the data availability layer.It is recommended that users unstake RON before the migration date, or the system will automatically unstake for users after the migration is completed. The core goal of this migration is to allow Ronin to leverage Ethereum's security, data availability, and finality capabilities, while injecting mature on-chain gaming infrastructure into the Ethereum ecosystem. As the underlying network for well-known on-chain games like Axie Infinity and Pixels, this move is seen as an important milestone in its ecological development.After the migration is completed, the annual inflation rate of RON will be reduced from over 20% to below 1%, and the treasury will gain continuous income from staking, Sequencer net revenue, and Marketplace fees (which will increase from 0.5% to 1.25%).

DefiLlama founder 0xngmi posted on platform X, stating that after verifying the data, if the funds seized by Arbitrum are prioritized for use in the AAVE market on Arbitrum, Aave will have no bad debt on Arbitrum under the condition that all rsETH share the depreciation.In a scenario where only the value of the mainnet rsETH is guaranteed (ignoring the value of the mapped version of rsETH on Layer 2), Aave will reduce bad debt on Arbitrum by 80%, from $88 million to $17 million.

According to official news, Gate has integrated with the Kasplex L2 network and has opened up Kaspa (KAS) token deposits and withdrawals on the Kasplex L2 network. Users can now transfer KAS from Kaspa L1 to the Kasplex L2 wallet through Gate, significantly lowering the entry barrier and enhancing asset circulation efficiency and on-chain interaction experience.Kasplex is a Layer 2 network built on the Kaspa ecosystem, aimed at improving smart contract compatibility and transaction processing efficiency, supporting a wider range of decentralized applications (dApps) to operate securely and efficiently within the Kaspa ecosystem. As an L2 network ordered by Kaspa L1, Kasplex still uses KAS as its sole network token.

According to Cointelegraph, Edward Felten, co-founder of Offchain Labs, stated in his keynote speech at EthCC 2026 that Ethereum's layer two networks need to introduce a "dynamic pricing" mechanism to support billions of users and reduce fee fluctuations during network congestion.Felten pointed out that the current drastic fluctuations in Gas prices remain the main means of resisting network overload, but this volatility poses a significant barrier to mainstream users. He stated that a dynamic pricing mechanism could accommodate more transaction volume at lower Gas prices while avoiding infrastructure overload.In response, developer Julian Kors noted that the main drawback of dynamic pricing is its predictability, which is lower than that of EIP-1559. Cyprien Grau, head of the Status Network project, believes that while this model improves fee accuracy, it still does not address structural issues— as competition for scaling intensifies, layer two network Gas fees trend towards zero in the long term, and dynamic pricing is essentially still an income model built on continuously depreciating assets.

The privacy chain Aztec Network, supported by a16z, officially launched Alpha Network, becoming the first Ethereum Layer 2 with a complete private smart contract execution environment, which was previously approved by a unanimous community governance vote.Aztec integrates privacy at three levels: private data supports confidential transactions and RWA transfers; private identity allows for selective disclosure to meet compliance requirements; private computation hides on-chain behavior, opening up space for privacy DeFi and gaming applications. Contracts are written in the Rust-style language Noir, with privacy logic executed on the user side to generate zero-knowledge proofs, settling on Ethereum approximately every 12 seconds.However, this launch comes with a significant warning, as Aztec disclosed known serious security vulnerabilities, with auditing still ongoing. The team advises users to only deposit funds they can afford to lose.

The Ethereum Foundation today released a systematic explanation regarding the evolution of the roles of L1 and L2. The core point indicates that as the ecosystem matures, the primary goal of L2 has shifted from "scaling Ethereum" to "providing differentiated functions, customized services, and autonomous controllable areas," while scaling has become a secondary focus.The Foundation has redefined the roles of L1 and L2 as follows:· L1: As a permissionless, highly resilient global settlement layer, it undertakes the functions of shared state, liquidity, and DeFi hub, and must continue to scale while maintaining censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security.· L2: While developing its own on-chain economy, it will extend Ethereum's core attributes to a broader user base, forming a "full-spectrum" ecosystem.The Foundation clarifies that L2s with the highest integration with L1 should pursue synchronous composability, complete interoperability, shared liquidity, and Stage 2 mechanisms. A large number of L2s with diverse business models and technical expertise will continue to play an important role, providing functionalities that L1 does not possess.The Ethereum Foundation stated that it will continue to invest in technology to help L2 smoothly extend L1's core attributes and securely access cross-layer liquidity, while emphasizing that L2 must maintain transparency and verifiability of its security attributes.