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Gray Research Director: Ethereum is like a "small country," and the issuance of ETH determines the balance between network security and currency

Zach Pandl, the head of research at Grayscale, posted on the X platform comparing Ethereum to a "small country" and discussed the ETH issuance mechanism. He believes that Ethereum has only one core "government function": to protect property rights and value exchange within the system. Unlike traditional countries that provide public services through taxation, Ethereum primarily funds network security through "seigniorage," which is the issuance of new ETH.In this framework, the stakers responsible for maintaining network security are akin to a group providing public services, as they receive rewards through newly issued ETH. Therefore, Ethereum's staking mechanism and ETH issuance policy essentially constitute the network's fiscal and monetary policy. Zach Pandl pointed out that the Ethereum community needs to decide how much "new currency" should be used to cover network security costs. More security typically means stronger protection of property rights, but at the cost of a higher ETH issuance rate and potential other risks.For example, if network security increasingly relies on a few large staking service providers, there remains room for discussion about whether these providers can maintain the asset rights of all users completely neutrally. Pandl believes that, just as in traditional economies, no one knows the "optimal level" of government spending and currency issuance; the same applies to Ethereum. However, Ethereum has several key security thresholds, including: 1/3: an attacker reaching this ratio may affect finality; 1/2: affects blockchain fork choice; 2/3: can control the finality process. Some community members believe that the design of Ethereum's monetary and fiscal policy should consider the security trade-offs brought by these key ratios, while the current mechanism has not adequately incorporated these factors. However, the above analogy is not entirely accurate, as it does not yet involve other important factors such as the ETH burn mechanism, MEV, governance, etc.

Gray Research Director: ETH and SOL may face supply contraction, and the reduction of inflation mechanisms will strengthen token scarcity

Grayscale Research Director Zach Pandl stated that the two major blockchain networks, Ethereum (ETH) and Solana (SOL), are considering adjusting their token economic models to enhance asset scarcity by reducing future token supply growth through lowering annual inflation rates. As important native assets supporting stablecoins and tokenized asset ecosystems, the prices of ETH and SOL are primarily determined by supply and demand dynamics. If the relevant code upgrade proposals are approved, under unchanged conditions, lower supply growth may provide support for token prices.According to Grayscale's analysis, if the relevant adjustments are implemented, the supply inflation rates of BTC, ETH, and SOL will continue to decline over the next five years. By the end of 2031, the annual inflation rates for Bitcoin and Ethereum are expected to be around 0.4%, and Solana around 1.1%, which is lower than gold's annual supply growth rate of about 1.8% and the U.S. CPI inflation level of about 3.3%. Currently, these token economic adjustments are still in the community discussion phase. Among them, the Solana-related proposal has gained broader support and has a higher likelihood of implementation; the Ethereum proposal still requires further discussion.If the adjustments are implemented, staking users may face reduced token rewards, as part of the staking income comes from the issuance of new tokens. However, due to the decline in the growth rate of circulating supply, the scarcity value of the tokens may increase, potentially providing price support. For ETH and SOL holders who do not participate in staking, they may benefit directly; the final returns for stakers will depend on the balance between the decrease in rewards and the increase in prices. Zach Pandl concluded that ETH and SOL are becoming important digital commodities supporting stablecoins and the tokenization of real assets, and the economic model adjustments aimed at reducing inflation may further strengthen their scarcity attributes.

hot_img NVIDIA's Feynman platform is expected to go into mass production in 2028, with TSMC's A16 and SoIC expanding production simultaneously

According to DIGITIMES, NVIDIA's next-generation AI platform Feynman aims for mass production in the second half of 2028, utilizing TSMC's A16 process and incorporating SoIC 3D stacking and CPO technology. The Rubin generation focuses on integrating multiple small chips with HBM, while Feynman further develops towards 3D small chips, SoIC, and CPO. The report indicates that TSMC is accelerating the construction of related production capacity, with the original plan for SoIC monthly capacity to reach 20,000 pieces by the end of 2026, now updated to a target of 50,000 pieces by the end of 2027.The construction progress of TSMC's Chiayi AP7 and Tainan AP8 is also accelerating, with AP7 planned in 8 phases. P1 and P2 have entered installation, P3 and P4 have obtained construction permits, and P5 to P8 are still in planning. In addition to mass-producing Apple-specific WMCM, the factory will configure SoIC, CoPoS, and CPO production lines according to customer demand. NVIDIA has rapidly shifted its R&D and supply chain resources to the Feynman platform, and the spillover effect of TSMC's advanced packaging orders continues to expand, with Siliconware becoming the main testing and packaging factory for NVIDIA's CoWoS and CPO orders. The NVLink interconnect bandwidth of NVIDIA's Feynman platform is expected to exceed 1 PB/s, further improving from Rubin Ultra's 520 TB/s. TSMC's COUPE technology integrates EIC and PIC in 3D through SoIC to form a light engine, advancing optoelectronic conversion from traditional circuit boards to the internal packaging structure. Since 2026, NVIDIA has invested over $40 billion in building the AI ecosystem, covering areas such as models, wafer manufacturing, data centers, and optical communications.

The AI boom has boosted the enthusiasm for "leveraged stock trading" in Japan, with the scale of retail investors' margin trading doubling in six months, reaching the highest level since 2016

According to the Nikkei News, individual investors in the Japanese stock market are accelerating their use of leverage to bet on AI trends. As of July, the amount of credit trading by individual investors in the Japanese stock market reached 123 trillion yen (approximately 1.09 trillion yuan), doubling since the beginning of the year and reaching the highest level since related statistics began in 2016.Data shows that in June, the scale of credit trading by Japanese individual investors hit a historical high, and in July it continued to maintain a high level. At the same time, the proportion of credit trading in the overall trading amount of individual investors rose to 83%, also setting a new record.AI concept stocks have become the main driving force behind the surge in credit trading, among which the credit buy balance of AI storage concept stock Kioxia reached 13.23 million shares as of August 7, making it one of the popular targets.Benefiting from the recent rise in the Japanese stock market, the overall performance of leveraged investors has been decent. The floating yield of credit trading investors briefly turned positive in June, although it fell back to a loss of 8.4% by the end of July, it is still better than the average loss level of the past 10 years (-10.2%).
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