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Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin posted on the X platform that Ethereum's scalability is divided into short-term and long-term parts.In the short term, the Glamsterdam upgrade will introduce block-level access lists for parallel validation, ePBS will allow a larger proportion of time slots for block validation, and gas repricing will ensure that operational costs align with actual execution time.The multi-dimensional gas mechanism will be implemented in phases, starting with Glamsterdam, where the "state creation" cost will be separated from the "execution and calldata" cost, with state creation gas not counted towards the approximately 16 million transaction gas limit. The EVM level will introduce a "reservoir" dimension mechanism, which will prioritize the consumption of dedicated dimension gas by default, and when insufficient, will draw from the reservoir. This will eventually transition to multi-dimensional pricing, where different dimensions may have different floating gas prices.Long-term scalability includes ZK-EVM and blob components. In terms of blobs, there are plans to continuously iterate PeerDAS, aiming to achieve approximately 8MB of data processing capacity per second, with future Ethereum block data directly entering blobs.The ZK-EVM aspect will be implemented in phases: by 2026, there will be a validator client supporting ZK-EVM, allowing about 5% of the network to rely on it; by 2027, this will expand to a larger proportion of a few nodes while advancing formal verification; once conditions are mature, it will transition to a five-out-of-three mandatory proof mechanism, ultimately continuously enhancing the security and formal verification level of ZK-EVM, and involving changes to VMs such as RISC-V.

Vitalik Buterin stated that the current ZK-EVM has entered the alpha stage, demonstrating production-level performance, with the remaining major work focused on security; meanwhile, PeerDAS has officially launched on the Ethereum mainnet. Vitalik pointed out that this is not a gradual optimization, but rather a transformation of Ethereum into a new type of P2P network that simultaneously possesses decentralization, consensus mechanisms, and high bandwidth.He recalled that BitTorrent has high bandwidth but lacks consensus, while Bitcoin has consensus but is bandwidth-limited due to full replication; with the introduction of PeerDAS (data availability sampling) and ZK-EVM, Ethereum is expected to achieve decentralization, consensus, and high throughput simultaneously, solving the trilemma through "real code running on the mainnet." Among these, PeerDAS is already running on the mainnet, and ZK-EVM has reached production-level performance.Vitalik expects that starting in 2026, with the advancement of mechanisms like BAL and ePBS, the gas limit will gradually increase, and there will be practical opportunities to run ZK-EVM nodes; from 2026 to 2028, there will be gas repricing, state structure adjustments, and execution load entering blobs; by 2027 to 2030, ZK-EVM is expected to become the primary method for validating blocks on the network, further promoting an increase in the gas limit. Additionally, he mentioned the importance of distributed block construction, with the long-term goal of avoiding the complete construction of blocks in any single location and decentralizing block construction power through on-protocol or off-protocol means to reduce the risk of centralized intervention and enhance regional fairness.

Builder Codes enable developers to build custom terminals, tools, and applications based on Grvt, and earn continuous revenue from order flows. This allows Grvt to focus on the underlying matching and settlement systems while the ecosystem team can innovate in parallel on the same technological foundation.Based on ZKsync Atlas, Grvt provides developers with a higher performance and lower cost unified liquidity environment. The first partners include the professional terminal Tealstreet and institutional-grade OEMS Tread.fi, among others.

According to CoinDesk, Ethereum developers are refining a zero-knowledge protocol aimed at providing stronger privacy guarantees for on-chain interactions, starting with a matching system similar to "Secret Santa," which is expected to evolve into a broader set of private collaboration tools.Solidity engineer Artem Chystiakov revisited this research in a post on the Ethereum community forum on Monday, mentioning his related work first published on arXiv in January this year. The concept aims to recreate an anonymous gift exchange game on Ethereum, where participants are randomly paired, and no one knows who is giving gifts to whom. However, achieving this on a transparent blockchain requires addressing several long-standing issues surrounding randomness, privacy, and resistance to Sybil attacks.Chystiakov stated that the core issue is simple: "Everything on Ethereum is visible to everyone," the blockchain cannot provide true randomness, and the system must prevent users from registering multiple times or assigning gifts to themselves. The proposed protocol uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify the relationship between the sender and receiver without disclosing identity information, and it also employs transaction relayers to submit operations, so that a single wallet cannot be linked to specific actions. This type of zero-knowledge layer can be applied to anonymous voting, DAO governance, reporting channels, and private airdrops or token distributions that avoid revealing recipient information.

Vitalik Buterin tweeted that the modexp precompile is extremely unfriendly to ZK-EVM, with the worst-case scenario reaching an average of 50 times the computational overhead per block. He called for an EIP to replace it with equivalent EVM code, even if it requires higher gas. He admitted that as the designer of modexp, he feels "ashamed" and pointed out that its usage is very low and increases the risk of consensus failure, stating that the efficiency of the entire Ethereum ecosystem should not be sacrificed for a very small number of needs.

ChainCatcher news, regarding the multi-GPU zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM) Pico Prism released by Brevis, Vitalik commented, "I am glad to see Brevis's Pico Prism officially entering the ZK-EVM verification field. The verification speed and diversity of ZK-EVM have taken an important step forward."In previous news, Pico Prism has achieved real-time proof of Ethereum on consumer-grade hardware: using 64 RTX 5090 graphics cards, it completed 99.6% of Ethereum L1 block proofs within 12 seconds, with 96.8% of the block proof times falling below the 10-second standard set by the Ethereum Foundation. In a test on September 1, under Ethereum's current gas limit of 45M, Pico Prism had an average proof time of only 6.9 seconds.

ChainCatcher message, according to the Web3 asset data platform RootData X tracking data, in the past 7 days, the Layer 2 ZK-Rollup protocol Loopring has been the project with the most unfollows from top figures on X (Twitter). The new influential figures on X who unfollowed this project include DeFi analyst Ignas (@DefiIgnas) and crypto industry KOL Enheng (@enheng456).

ChainCatcher message, according to the Web3 asset data platform RootData X tracking data, in the past 7 days, the decentralized ZK-Rollup StarkNet has been the project with the most unfollows by top figures on X (Twitter). The new influential figures on X who unfollowed this project include Blue Fox (@lanhubiji) and Sleeping in the Rain (@0xSleepinRain).

ChainCatcher news, Scroll's official post on X states that it has upgraded to meet Stage 1 standards of Zk-Rollup through the Euclid upgrade. The Euclid upgrade introduces a permissionless sequencer model, ensuring that the network remains active even if the sequencer fails.In addition, Scroll has established a diverse security council consisting of 12 members (with 75% voting approval, including 7 independent members) to provide security guarantees, while users can safely exit before the upgrade. In the future, Scroll plans to advance to Stage 2 through multi-proof systems and Zk+TEE technology.

ChainCatcher news, Scroll co-founder Haichen Shen announced on platform X that the Scroll Euclid upgrade proposal has been voted through. According to the plan, this upgrade will include the following core content:Network milestone: Scroll will upgrade to Stage-1 ZK Rollup in two weeks;Performance improvement: Network throughput exceeds 2000 TPS, with a single transaction fee of less than 1 cent;Technical upgrade: Upgrade to zkVM Prover validator OpenVM;Protocol compatibility: Support for EIP-7702 (account abstraction extension) and RIP-7212 (precompiled contract optimization), and migration to MPT (Merkle Patricia Tree) data structure, further enhancing multi-chain compatibility.

ChainCatcher message, Scroll announced on platform X that it is expected to upgrade to Stage 1 ZK-Rollup in April this year. This stage will support forced transactions, permissionless transaction submissions, complete zkEVM proofs, and will also establish a security committee composed of industry experts.

ChainCatcher message, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated, "I strongly encourage researchers to participate in the Poseidon cryptanalysis program. We are seriously considering migrating Ethereum to the Poseidon hash to optimize zk-prover friendliness, so having more information about its security properties is of great value."The application deadline for the Poseidon funding program has been extended to March 15, 2025.

ChainCatcher news, BountyBay Labs officially launched the modular, decentralized infrastructure TradeOS, aimed at revolutionizing online peer-to-peer (P2P) trading models. TradeOS addresses long-standing issues in traditional monopolistic systems (such as eBay and Paypal) like high platform fees, low capital efficiency, and data monopolization through blockchain technology and zk-TLS/TEE-TLS technology.Currently, TradeOS has over 6 million users and 300 brands, with the goal of transforming the global $4 trillion P2P trading market.It is reported that BountyBay Labs has received support from investors such as TON Ventures and Animoca Brands to unlock more possibilities in web3 for the global $4 trillion high-value trading system market.

ChainCatcher news, Zypher Network announced a partnership with Nexus Labs to collaboratively build ZK-driven decentralized games. By extending support for Nexus Network's supercomputers on the Zytron framework and Zypher's ZK game engine, Zypher and Nexus Labs aim to unleash the next generation of scalable and trustworthy gaming experiences for players worldwide. This initiative addresses the scalability, cost, and interoperability challenges faced by the gaming industry, leveraging zero-knowledge proofs and multi-chain protocols to facilitate a smoother gaming experience. Through the collaboration between Zypher and Nexus, players will be able to seamlessly use assets across games and enjoy true ownership, where games are no longer "on-chain for hype," but rather a genuinely fair, interoperable, player-owned world.It is reported that Nexus Network is a large-scale parallelized proof mining network based on zkVM. Zypher Network is a verifiable data protocol for decentralized ZK games, designed to support autonomous, user-generated content (UCG) oriented and AI-driven game operations, secured by a zk proof Mining layer.

ChainCatcher message, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin explained the limitations of ZK-VM (Zero-Knowledge Virtual Machine) in privacy use cases. Some users pointed out that ZK-VM is superior in almost every aspect, but ironically, the only use case it fails to cover is privacy.In response, Vitalik said: "The explanation is simple: privacy use cases require client-side proofs, and currently, client-side provers are not fast enough to handle anything beyond Merkle branches."

ChainCatcher news, the game ecosystem project Moonveil officially announced the completion of its Pre-A round financing, with a total financing amount of 9 million USD. This round of financing was led by Spartan, with participation from Gumi Cryptos Capital, Hashkey, Animoca Ventures, Hivemind, and Mask Network.It is reported that Moonveil is a game ecosystem focused on the quality of game products, deeply empowering user experience through a ZK-powered L2 blockchain. Its flagship games AstrArk, Bushwhack, and several other games within the ecosystem will soon enter testing.

ChainCatcher news, the Web3 industry research and analysis platform Web3Caff Research recently released an in-depth report on the L2 public chain Scroll. Web3Caff Research researcher ssr.eth pointed out in the report that in January 2021, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that with the advancement of zk-SNARK technology, zk-Rollup would prevail among all Layer2 solutions. As a member of the zk-Rollup sector, Scroll is collaborating with the PSE team, supported by the Ethereum Foundation, to develop zkEVM. Although the PSE team has recently shifted its focus to zkVM, Scroll maintains its unique orthodoxy and is exploring new technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs and hardware acceleration, aiming to launch a more secure, efficient, and highly scalable zk-Rollup network.In addition, Scroll introduced EIP-4844 data blobs on April 29, 2024, to achieve Layer1 data availability. The emergence of EIP-4844 significantly optimizes Layer2 solutions and effectively alleviates data availability issues. The report further indicates that with the launch of the Scroll mainnet, its ecosystem is continuously improving, and community incentive activities and hackathons are attracting more and more users and developers.Despite the steady increase in its TVL and active address count, whether Scroll can stand out among numerous competitors remains a key concern for the community. For example, the disadvantages and risks faced by Scroll include issues of technological maturity and user acceptance; zk-Rollup technology is still in the validation phase, has a long development time, and hardware acceleration technology is still under testing. In terms of developer support and ecosystem building, the number of Scroll users and transaction volume still needs to grow. Challenges in cross-chain interoperability and ecosystem integration also increase the resistance to its comprehensive application, while the choice between zkVM and zkEVM will determine the future development direction.