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Jason Smith, the chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives' fundraising committee, stated that digital asset tax legislation must receive bipartisan support; otherwise, the related bill process will not advance. Subsequently, U.S. Representatives Steven Horsford, Max Miller, Suzan DelBene, and Mike Carey jointly proposed the "Digital Asset Protection, Accountability, Regulation, Innovation, Taxation, and Revenue Act" (PARITY Act). The bill aims to update digital asset tax rules, provide a clearer regulatory framework for the market, while enhancing investor protection and preventing market manipulation.Representative Steven Horsford stated that the bill will help ordinary investors participate more safely in the digital asset market and promote wealth accumulation opportunities. Max Miller believes that the current U.S. tax laws are unable to adapt to the rapid development of digital assets and modern financial technology. Currently, the PARITY Act and the advancing CLARITY Act are seen as important components of establishing a comprehensive regulatory system for crypto assets in the United States.The U.S. Congress released a tax policy discussion draft in March this year and held a bipartisan roundtable in May to discuss the tax framework for crypto assets. The market is closely watching whether the CLARITY Act can be passed by 2026. Analysts believe that if both the CLARITY Act and the PARITY Act are ultimately legislated and combined with the subsequent rule-making of the GENIUS Act, the U.S. crypto industry will welcome a clearer regulatory environment, further promoting Web3 and DeFi into the mainstream financial system.

According to CoinDesk, during a recent Senate Banking Committee review, substantial progress was made in advancing the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act, referred to as the "CLARITY Act," which passed into the Senate full review stage with a vote of 15 to 9.Several bipartisan lawmakers emphasized the urgent need for the United States to establish a unified regulatory framework covering digital assets to clarify asset classification, trading platform regulation, and market structure rules, thereby providing long-term certainty for the industry. Angela Alsobrooks pointed out from a family perspective that the younger generation shows a natural interest in digital assets, and the regulatory system should strike a balance between "opportunity and protection" to avoid technological development being detached from regulatory constraints. Tim Scott emphasized that legislation should be promoted from the perspective of economic opportunity and the American Dream, while Cynthia Lummis stated that the legislative process has already shown a clear foundation for bipartisan cooperation.Supporters believe that digital assets have become an irreversible trend, with approximately 68 million Americans holding related assets, but a significant amount of trading still occurs on overseas platforms. The U.S. urgently needs to establish a domestic regulatory system to enhance market transparency and investor protection levels.Analysis indicates that the CLARITY Act is seen as a key complement following the stablecoin-related legislation (GENIUS Act). Without supporting rules at the market structure level, the U.S. may lose its leading position in the competition for digital financial infrastructure. As the bill advances to the Senate full stage, there is widespread attention on whether it can achieve final legislation based on bipartisan consensus to establish the core rules of the U.S. digital asset regulatory framework.

According to CoinDesk, bipartisan lawmakers Steven Horsford, Max Miller, Suzan DelBene, and Mike Carey jointly reintroduced the "Digital Asset Protection, Accountability, Regulatory, Innovation, Taxation, and Revenue Act" (also known as the "Equality Act") this Wednesday. The new version of the bill mainly covers the following points: first, it stipulates that regulated payment stablecoins do not generate gains or losses if the cost basis is not less than 99% of the redemption value; second, it establishes a safe harbor for broker-dealer transactions or taxpayer account transactions; third, it clarifies that "wash sale" rules apply to digital assets; fourth, it requires the IRS to assess the current tax burden of small cryptocurrency transactions and to study the feasibility of establishing a tax exemption for transactions under $200 and the potential risks of abuse.The cryptocurrency industry has long advocated for tax exemptions on small transactions to promote the use of cryptocurrencies in everyday payment scenarios. Lawmaker Horsford stated that tax policy is the foundation of the cryptocurrency regulatory framework, and that current tax laws have not clearly addressed many core issues related to digital assets.

According to crypto journalist Eleanor Terrett, sources say that a bipartisan group of minority senators in the U.S. Senate held discussions last night regarding the CLARITY Act, attempting to push the Democrats to make concessions on at least two outstanding issues, but ultimately failed to reach an agreement.Senator Cynthia Lummis stated that both sides had reached consensus on "99% of the content" of the bill and expressed hope that the Democrats would continue to address the remaining issues after the bill passes committee review; otherwise, if a similar incident to FTX occurs in the future, "they can only blame themselves."Reports indicate that Democratic Senators Adam Schiff and Ruben Gallego have been pushing for a compromise on the ethical standards and conflict of interest clauses involving the president's family before the committee review, making it one of the conditions for supporting the bill.Additionally, some Democratic lawmakers have raised concerns about provisions related to the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act (BRCA). This provision aims to prohibit lawsuits against non-custodial software developers based on money transfer laws.Sources say that both sides have made substantial progress on ethical and conflict of interest issues, but disagreements over amendments to the BRCA ultimately led to the breakdown of negotiations. The market currently widely expects that this committee review will show clear partisanship.

Charles Hoskinson, the founder of Cardano, stated that Bitcoin's quantum defense proposal BIP-361 has been mischaracterized as a soft fork, and is actually closer to a hard fork, and it cannot protect approximately 1.7 million early BTC generated before 2013, including about 1 million bitcoins attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto.He mentioned that the zero-knowledge proof recovery scheme in the proposal relies on BIP-39 mnemonic phrases, while early wallets used different key generation methods that cannot provide the required proof, thus the relevant assets may be permanently frozen under the current scheme. Reports also indicated that BIP-361 co-author Jameson Lopp described it as a rough concept for an emergency plan, rather than a final specification.

According to market news, Blockstream CEO Adam Back stated at the Paris Blockchain Week that he supports the optional advancement of Bitcoin's quantum resistance upgrade and opposes the proposal to forcibly freeze quantum-vulnerable addresses. He emphasized that "preparation is much safer than hasty responses in a crisis" and pointed out that the Bitcoin community has the coordination ability to respond quickly to urgent vulnerabilities.Previously, the BIP-361 proposal ("Post-Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset") put forward by developers Jameson Lopp and five others advocated for the gradual elimination of quantum-vulnerable addresses over five years, ultimately freezing coins that have not completed migration— including approximately 1.7 million Bitcoins held by Satoshi Nakamoto.

One of the Bitcoin contributors, Jameson Loop, along with other cryptographers, has proposed an initiative that may force Bitcoin holders to migrate their tokens to new quantum-resistant addresses, or else their tokens will be permanently frozen by the network itself. In this scenario, holders technically still own these coins but will lose the ability to transfer them. This is known as Bitcoin Improvement Proposal BIP-361, which was updated on Tuesday in Bitcoin's official proposal repository, titled "Post-Quantum Migration and Old Signature Retirement."BIP-361 builds on the BIP-360 proposal introduced in February. BIP-360 introduced a soft fork (a type of network upgrade) aimed at enabling a new transaction type called "Pay to Merkle Root" (P2MR). This approach draws on Bitcoin's Taproot (P2TR) framework but removes key-based spending paths, thereby eliminating an element widely considered to pose risks in the quantum era.The BIP-361 proposal divides the migration into three phases. Phase A starts three years after activation and prohibits anyone from sending new bitcoins to old, quantum-vulnerable addresses. You can still spend from these addresses, but you cannot receive any coins. Phase B starts five years after activation and will render old signatures (ECDSA and Schnorr) completely ineffective, with the network rejecting any attempts to spend coins from quantum-vulnerable wallets.Essentially, your coins will be frozen. Finally, there is Phase C, which is a rescue plan still under research: holders of frozen wallets may potentially prove ownership through zero-knowledge proofs (a method of proving knowledge of a secret without revealing the secret itself). If successful, the coins frozen in Phase B can be recovered.

According to market news, Cypherpunk Jameson Lopp and several experts in the field of Bitcoin quantum security have proposed Bitcoin Improvement Proposal BIP-361, which suggests freezing quantum-vulnerable addresses, including Satoshi Nakamoto's reserves, to prevent future quantum computers from stealing approximately 1.7 million Bitcoins.The proposal is to be implemented in three phases: first, prohibiting transfers to legacy addresses; second, invalidating legacy signatures and freezing untransferred assets after five years; and finally, allowing some users to recover frozen funds through a zero-knowledge proof mechanism. This proposal aims to promote the migration of the entire network to quantum-resistant addresses, but it has faced opposition from some community members who believe it contradicts the decentralized ethos of Bitcoin and has a predatory nature.

According to Bitcoin Magazine, Bitcoin developers are advancing a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal BIP360 "Pay to Merkle Root (P2MR)" aimed at enhancing Bitcoin's resistance to quantum threats, with a related testnet already deployed.Screenshots show that the corresponding code was submitted and verified on February 11, reflecting the community's proactive technical preparations for potential quantum computing threats.

According to Cointelegraph, Tim Scott, the chairman of the U.S. Senate Banking Committee, stated that bipartisan support has been gained for cryptocurrency market structure legislation, and consensus within the industry is the final obstacle. He revealed that communication with Coinbase has taken place, and all parties are still at the negotiating table.

According to The Wall Street Journal, U.S. lawmakers will introduce a bipartisan bill to prohibit entities regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), including U.S. platforms Kalshi and Polymarket, from listing contracts related to sporting events.

F2Pool co-founder Wang Chun expressed on the X platform regarding the BIP-110 controversy that Bitcoin should not be sanctified and criticized some Bitcoin extremists for hindering technological innovation.He pointed out that some supporters view attempts at scaling or functional improvements as "altcoin attacks," using moral accusations to cover up a lack of innovation, transforming Bitcoin from an economic concept into a system with ideological overtones. Wang Chun stated that in the context of the continuous development of DeFi, privacy, and payment infrastructure, Bitcoin should not become a system that is "too rigid to evolve."

BTQ Technologies announced the completion of the first runnable implementation of BIP 360 (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 360) on its Bitcoin Quantum Testnet v0.3.0, marking an early attempt to introduce quantum-resistant transaction infrastructure into a practical testing environment.BIP 360 introduces a new transaction format called Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR), which reconfigures the way on-chain transaction data is submitted, allowing for the avoidance of public key exposure in specific transaction paths, thereby addressing the potential threats posed by quantum computers to existing cryptographic protections. BTQ stated that P2MR is compatible with frameworks such as the Lightning Network, BitVM, and Ark, while removing the key path spending mechanism introduced by Taproot.The testnet is currently connected to over 50 miners, having processed more than 100,000 blocks, and is equipped with a complete wallet tool that supports the creation, funding, signing, and broadcasting of P2MR transactions.

The discussion surrounding Bitcoin Improvement Proposal BIP-110 continues to heat up. Bitcoin pioneer and Blockstream co-founder Adam Back retweeted to remind the community that Bitcoin's upgrade capability may be suppressed. This proposal, although described as a temporary soft fork to clean up "garbage data" on-chain to curb the on-chain data inflation brought by protocols like Ordinals, may hinder Bitcoin's future upgrade capabilities because it disables the OP_SUCCESS opcode in Tapscript, which is seen as an important reserved mechanism for future soft fork upgrades of Bitcoin.Additionally, BIP-110 will limit the Taproot control block size to 257 bytes, which may affect the development of potential Layer 2 technologies like BitVM that rely on extensive script execution. Although BIP-110 is positioned as a "temporary measure," Bitcoin soft fork upgrades typically require years of coordination, and restricting upgrade interfaces during this period may have long-term impacts.

According to market news, the Bitcoin network has seen the first block supporting the BIP-110 proposal, mined by the Ocean pool. This proposal aims to limit arbitrary non-financial data in blockchain transactions through a temporary soft fork over approximately one year. Supporters believe this can curb "junk" data that occupies block space, protect Bitcoin's role as a robust monetary infrastructure, and alleviate the burden on node operators. The proposal has sparked intense controversy within the community.Critics, including Blockstream CEO Adam Back, warn that intervention at the consensus layer could undermine Bitcoin's credibility, lead to discriminatory treatment of transactions, and violate the principle of transaction capacity neutrality. He also questioned the actual support for the proposal, stating it could increase the risk of blockchain splits.The controversy escalated further when a developer embedded a 66KB image in a Bitcoin transaction to oppose the core claim of BIP-110, demonstrating that a large amount of data can be encoded even without relying on OP_RETURN. This debate highlights the long-standing ideological divide within the Bitcoin community: whether to staunchly defend Bitcoin's pure positioning as a currency or to maintain maximum neutrality regarding arbitrary uses at the base layer.

SlovakBitcoin developer and RustBitcoin library maintainer Martin Habovštiak has released a proof of concept that writes a 66 kB TIFF image file to the Bitcoin blockchain through a single transaction without using OP_RETURN, Taproot, or OP_IF. The transaction can be publicly verified on-chain and can be decoded into a complete image file.This experiment is seen as a direct challenge to the "anti-spam" soft fork proposal BIP-110, promoted by Luke Dashjr. BIP-110 is a successor to BIP-444, which aims to limit the scale of on-chain data writing, with some supporters arguing that such data storage practices deviate from Bitcoin's core positioning as a "currency."

According to Eleanor Terrett, U.S. Republican lawmakers Fitzgerald (Wisconsin), Cline (Virginia), and Democratic lawmaker Lofgren (California) jointly proposed the "Blockchain Innovation Development Act," aimed at clarifying the applicability of Section 1960 of the Criminal Code.The bill explicitly states that Section 1960 applies only to entities that control customer funds, rather than developers who merely write code. Previously, in cases like TornadoCash and SamouraiWallet, regulators had applied this provision to non-custodial software developers, leading to a strong backlash from the crypto industry. This bill will provide legal protection for blockchain developers and address the long-standing conflict between crypto innovation and regulation.

Bitcoin Core developer Murch announced on February 11 that BIP 360 (Pay to Merkle Root, P2MR) has officially entered the Bitcoin Improvement Proposal repository, marking the first time the Bitcoin development community has incorporated quantum resistance into the official technical roadmap.The proposal was co-authored by Hunter Beast, Ethan Heilman, and Isabel Foxen Duke, and is currently in the review and discussion stage, with no protocol changes activated yet.

According to Bitcoin Magazine, Bitcoin Improvement Proposal BIP-360 has been merged into the official codebase to enhance resistance against quantum attacks.

According to relevant page information, Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 360 (BIP-360) has been added to the official code repository.This proposal introduces the Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR) output type, aimed at enhancing Bitcoin's defense against quantum computing threats through a soft fork.