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first_img Ostium co-founder: two-year agreement revenue of approximately 44.7 million USD, gross profit of 2.96 million USD

The co-founder of the real-world asset perpetual contract protocol Ostium, Kaledora, published a statement explaining the financial and revenue model of the protocol. She stated that approximately $44.7 million in total revenue over two years on Dune comes from four on-chain fees: $20.39 million in opening fees, $16.5 million in spreads, $4.75 million in rollover fees, and $3.35 million in liquidation fees.Of the aforementioned revenue, $22.14 million (49.6%) flows to the OLP treasury, $19.55 million (43.8%) is for liquidity costs, including $16.05 million for hedging and $3.49 million in hedging interest, leaving a gross profit of $2.96 million (6.6%). She noted that the total on-chain revenue does not include off-chain hedging costs, and prior to the liquidity upgrade in April, the protocol did not have the capability to monetize traffic; a security incident occurred just months after the system was upgraded.In terms of financing, Ostium raised $300,000 in 2022, $3.6 million in 2023, $4.1 million in 2024, and $19.4 million in 2025. The team is expected to expand from about 12 people in 2025 to 35 people by the second quarter of 2026, investing in costs related to data authorization, marketing, cloud infrastructure, auditing, and AI. She mentioned that the company has not reserved a balance sheet sufficient to cope with such incidents and that the silence has been too long. The next step will allow the remaining 345 OLP holders to share in business growth, with plans to announce the second phase recovery plan in the coming week.

first_img Aave Labs proposed to establish the Cayman Aave Foundation, with Phase 1 covering only entity registration

The developer of the decentralized lending protocol Aave, Aave Labs, has published an ARFC on the governance forum, proposing the establishment of the Aave Foundation. This entity will be a memberless foundation company in the Cayman Islands, which will hold the Aave trademark and related intellectual property for the Aave Protocol.The proposal only covers Phase 1, which includes entity registration and the appointment of initial independent directors and supervisors. The transfer of trademarks, domain names, and intellectual property of the codebase, as well as the scope of operations, will be addressed in subsequent phases and must be submitted for governance separately. Phase 1 only applies for registration, legal work, and reasonable expenses for the appointment of directors, supervisors, and secretaries, with no recurring budget; future funding must be proposed separately.The foundation is established under the Foundation Companies Act, with its charter goals limited to holding, protecting, and licensing intellectual property for the Aave Protocol. Aave Labs, DAO service providers, and their affiliates have no right to appoint directors or supervisors and cannot hold such positions. After the initial appointments, the removal and appointment of directors can only be done through an AIP. If this ARFC reaches community consensus, it will enter Snapshot, and then the related expenses will be authorized through an AIP, followed by registration in the Cayman Islands and completion of the appointments.

first_img SEC enters funding interruption, review of new cryptocurrency ETFs suspended

According to HOGE Wire, the U.S. federal fiscal year will begin on October 1, 2026, without a budget, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) will enter a funding interruption status, halting the review of new cryptocurrency ETFs. Registration statements cannot be declared effective, and opinion letters will no longer be issued. Existing products are unaffected, and BlackRock's IBIT, Fidelity's FBTC, and Grayscale-related products can still be traded and continue to process subscriptions and redemptions.Cryptocurrency ETFs need to complete both the 19b-4 submitted to the exchange and the S-1 or N-1A submitted by the issuer; both paths are paused during the funding interruption. On September 17, 2025, the SEC approved general listing standards for commodity trust shares, allowing eligible products to submit 19b-4 without needing to do so individually, reducing the review time from about 240 days to approximately 75 days; leveraged, inverse, actively managed, lending, and staking products are not included in this template. The article states that as October approaches, there are over 90 pending applications, with some deadlines at the beginning of the month. Nate Geraci told Decrypt that what the industry refers to as ETF Cryptober may be temporarily shelved, which is a delay rather than a rejection.The article also states that on March 17, 2026, the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission jointly clarified that agreement staking does not constitute a securities offering or sale. BlackRock's Ethereum product ETHB is listed on Nasdaq with a fee of 0.25% and will distribute 82% of staking rewards to investors.

NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang holds nearly 870 million shares, with a net worth of approximately 200 billion USD

NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang held approximately 870 million shares of NVIDIA stock as of March 23, 2026, accounting for 3.58% of the company's total equity. Based on NVIDIA's stock price of $231.49 in early October, this portion of shares is valued at approximately $201 billion. According to Forbes, Jensen Huang currently has a net worth of about $200 billion, with his personal wealth primarily derived from his holdings in NVIDIA.Jensen Huang is known to be the largest individual shareholder of NVIDIA. Due to U.S. SEC regulations, individual investors holding less than 5% of shares are not required to disclose their holdings, so it is possible that there are undisclosed individual shareholders with holdings exceeding those of Jensen Huang. Major institutional shareholders currently holding more than 5% include BlackRock and Vanguard Group, with ownership percentages of 7.43% and 7.31%, respectively.Jensen Huang co-founded NVIDIA in 1993. Before NVIDIA's first stock split in 1999, he held approximately 2.9 million shares, accounting for 9.9% of the company. If he had retained those shares until now, adjusted for stock splits, it would be close to 2.8 billion shares, indicating that he has since reduced his holdings. In fiscal year 2025, NVIDIA paid him a total compensation of $35.5 million, which included a base salary of $1.5 million, a cash bonus of $3 million, and approximately $31 million in equity granted in the form of 936,800 performance stock units.

first_img Analysis: China may have stockpiled 343 immersion deep ultraviolet lithography machines

According to the South China Morning Post, former U.S. officials stated that Chinese semiconductor factories have stockpiled hundreds of immersion lithography machines worth billions of dollars in recent years and urged Washington and its allies to stop further exports. The Centre for Technology & Statecraft, established in August 2026, released a report in late September estimating that by early 2026, Chinese wafer fabs had acquired approximately 343 immersion deep ultraviolet lithography systems. The report was co-authored by former U.S. export control official Nicholas Brown and former White House and Department of Commerce technology policy advisor Saif Khan.The report estimates that about 270 of these are ASML Twinscan NXT:1980i. The authors claim that although these devices lag behind extreme ultraviolet lithography machines, they can be modified for the production of 7-nanometer logic chips and advanced memory required for artificial intelligence processors (including Huawei's Ascend series). Chinese wafer fabs spent over $13 billion in 2024 to purchase about 90 NXT:1980i units, and acquired another 89 units in 2025. ASML disclosed that, by destination, China accounted for 41% of its net system sales in 2024, 33% in 2025, dropping to 19% in the first quarter of 2026 and 14% in the second quarter.Since September 2023, the Netherlands has required export licenses for the NXT:2000i and more advanced immersion deep ultraviolet equipment, effectively banning these models from being shipped to China; a year later, the licensing requirements were extended to the NXT:1980i, but this model can still be approved for shipment on a case-by-case basis.

first_img Grayscale Research Director: Generation Z starts investing at an average age of 19

Grayscale Research Director Zach Pandl published an article on September 28, 2026, in the company's column The Stack. The article states that among American investors, Generation Z starts investing at an average age of 19, Millennials at 25, Generation X at 32, and Baby Boomers at 35. Based on a retirement age of 65, Generation Z has an investment horizon of 46 years, which is over 50% longer than the 30-year horizon when Baby Boomers started investing.Zach Pandl: Starting to invest earlier not only benefits from compound interest but also expands the capacity to take on risk. When young, labor capital accounts for a larger proportion of wealth, and a longer horizon means more time to recover from fluctuations, as well as more future income available for continued saving and investing, thereby expanding the lifetime risk budget. He believes that the returns on digital assets are both volatile and potentially asymmetric, making them more suitable for longer and more flexible horizons.Zach Pandl also mentioned that for early investors, the cost of recent volatility may be less than the opportunity cost of missing out on long-term upside. With decades available for rebalancing, adding funds, and compounding across cycles, early starters may allocate a higher proportion to digital assets while keeping their lifetime risk balanced. Starting to invest earlier gives investors more time to absorb fluctuations, potentially enhancing the utility of digital assets in long-term portfolios.
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