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European Central Bank document questions whether DeFi DAOs are sufficiently decentralized

On March 26, the European Central Bank published a working paper studying the governance concentration of four major DeFi protocols: Aave, MakerDAO, Ampleforth, and Uniswap.The paper, based on holding snapshot data from November 2022 and May 2023, found that although governance tokens are distributed across tens of thousands of addresses, the top 100 holders in each protocol control over 80% of the supply, and a large number of governance tokens can be linked to the protocols themselves or centralized and decentralized exchanges, with Binance being the largest identified centralized exchange holder among the four protocols.In terms of voting participation, the paper noted that actual voters are mainly representatives who obtain proxy voting rights from small holders. The top 20 voters in Ampleforth control 96% of the proxy voting rights, the top 10 voters in MakerDAO hold 66%, and the top 18 voters in Uniswap hold 52%. About one-third of the main voters cannot be publicly identified.The paper argues that these findings challenge the assumption of inherent decentralization in DAOs, making it more difficult to determine regulatory anchors under the EU MiCA framework. MiCA currently excludes "fully decentralized" services from its scope. The paper also points out that it is impossible to determine from public data whether the holdings associated with the protocols belong to founders, developers, or treasuries, nor can it be determined whether exchange wallets are voting on behalf of themselves or their clients. The paper represents the authors' views and does not represent the official position of the European Central Bank.

Anthropic sues the U.S. government, requesting the Pentagon to revoke the "supply chain risk" designation

According to Reuters, Anthropic filed a lawsuit on Monday attempting to prevent the Pentagon from placing it on a national security blacklist, escalating the high-stakes confrontation between the AI lab and the U.S. military over restrictions on the use of its technology.The Pentagon officially designated Anthropic as a supply chain risk last Thursday, restricting a technology that, according to insiders, is being used for military operations in Iran. Anthropic claims in the lawsuit that this designation is illegal and infringes on its rights to free speech and due process. The documents submitted to the federal court in California request that the judge overturn the designation and prevent federal agencies from enforcing it.Anthropic stated, "These actions are unprecedented and illegal. The Constitution does not allow the government to wield its immense power to punish a company for its protected speech."Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth listed Anthropic as a national security supply chain risk last week after the company refused to remove restrictions on its AI for use in autonomous weapons or domestic surveillance. This designation poses a significant threat to Anthropic's government business, and the outcome could affect how other AI companies negotiate restrictions on the military use of their technology.However, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei clarified on Thursday that the designation has a "limited scope," and the company can still use its tools in projects unrelated to the Pentagon.

11 U.S. senators request federal agencies to investigate Binance's compliance with sanctions

Eleven U.S. senators have sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Attorney General Pamela Bondi, requesting a comprehensive review of Binance's compliance with U.S. sanctions and anti-money laundering requirements, as well as an assessment of its adherence to the 2023 settlement agreement.The letter cites reports indicating that approximately $1.7 billion in digital assets flowed through Binance to entities linked to Iranian terrorism, including organizations associated with the Houthis and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Investigators also found that over 1,500 accounts were accessed by Iranian users, along with potential activities related to evading sanctions against Russia. The letter further notes that some compliance personnel at Binance who identified suspicious transactions were subsequently dismissed, and law enforcement agencies have indicated that Binance's cooperation in providing customer information has declined. Senators Chris Van Hollen, Ruben Gallego, and nine other senators co-signed the letter, expressing concerns about Binance's payment card launched in the former Soviet region and its partnerships related to stablecoins, believing these products could be used to evade sanctions. The senators have requested that the relevant agencies report on the review's progress by March 13. Additionally, Senator Richard Blumenthal initiated a congressional investigation into Binance this Tuesday, requesting relevant documents and internal records from Binance CEO Richard Teng. Binance denies the allegations, stating that it has identified and reported suspicious activities to authorities and does not allow Iranian users to access its platform.
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