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positioning

The Ethereum Foundation published an article explaining the collaborative vision between L1 and L2, clarifying the role positioning of each layer

The Ethereum Foundation today released a systematic explanation regarding the evolution of the roles of L1 and L2. The core point indicates that as the ecosystem matures, the primary goal of L2 has shifted from "scaling Ethereum" to "providing differentiated functions, customized services, and autonomous controllable areas," while scaling has become a secondary focus.The Foundation has redefined the roles of L1 and L2 as follows:· L1: As a permissionless, highly resilient global settlement layer, it undertakes the functions of shared state, liquidity, and DeFi hub, and must continue to scale while maintaining censorship resistance, open source, privacy, and security.· L2: While developing its own on-chain economy, it will extend Ethereum's core attributes to a broader user base, forming a "full-spectrum" ecosystem.The Foundation clarifies that L2s with the highest integration with L1 should pursue synchronous composability, complete interoperability, shared liquidity, and Stage 2 mechanisms. A large number of L2s with diverse business models and technical expertise will continue to play an important role, providing functionalities that L1 does not possess.The Ethereum Foundation stated that it will continue to invest in technology to help L2 smoothly extend L1's core attributes and securely access cross-layer liquidity, while emphasizing that L2 must maintain transparency and verifiability of its security attributes.

Bitwise CIO: Bitcoin could reach $1 million in the long term, with potential stemming from its "digital gold" positioning

Bitwise Chief Investment Officer Matt Hougan stated that the price of Bitcoin could potentially reach $1 million per coin in the future. He believes that when viewed from the perspective of the global "Store of Value" market, Bitcoin's long-term potential becomes clearer, as it is gradually competing with gold for the status of a digital value storage asset.In his latest memo titled "How Bitcoin Gets to $1 Million," Hougan pointed out that the current global value storage market is approximately $38 trillion, with about $36 trillion coming from gold, while Bitcoin is around $1.4 trillion, accounting for less than 4% of that market. Hougan believes that many investors underestimate Bitcoin's potential because they overlook the growth rate of the value storage market itself. For example, when the first gold ETF was launched in the U.S. in 2004, the global gold market was only about $2.5 trillion, and it has now approached $40 trillion, with a compound annual growth rate of about 13%. This growth has been primarily driven by increasing government debt, geopolitical uncertainty, and loose monetary policies.If the value storage market continues to expand at a similar pace over the next decade, its size could reach approximately $121 trillion. In this scenario, Bitcoin would only need to capture about 17% of the market share for its price to reach $1 million. Hougan also noted that the development of the crypto market in recent years has laid the groundwork for this outlook. For instance, a few years ago, there was no Bitcoin spot ETF in the U.S., but now Bitcoin spot ETFs have become one of the fastest-growing ETF products in history. At the same time, institutional investors, including Harvard University's endowment fund and the Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund, have begun to allocate Bitcoin.

Gate Research Institute: The options market is experiencing low volatility, with capital positioning leaning towards bullish spread structures

According to observations from Gate Research Institute, approximately $2.1 billion worth of BTC and ETH options will be settled this Friday, while the implied volatility (IV) for BTC and ETH has dropped to 43% and 60%, respectively, indicating a cooling in market pricing for short-term volatility. From the recent week’s BTC 25-Delta skew trend, the overall skew across various maturities has been oscillating upwards, with negative values converging, reflecting a moderation in market pricing for downside risks. The ETH skew remains overall negative but is continuously converging. Meanwhile, the largest block trade in the market was: buying BTC-300126-100000-C, with a total transaction of approximately 3,225 BTC and a net premium expenditure of about $3.05 million, indicating that mainstream capital is more inclined to position a bullish structure above key support levels.Gate has exclusively launched a convenient options trading tool—rolling sell options product, which assists users in automatically and continuously selling options within a set period. Users can customize Delta/Strike contract selections, expiration date settings (T+1/T+2/T+3), selling price execution methods, quantities, and optional take-profit and stop-loss parameters. The strategy will automatically execute opening positions daily and seamlessly transition to the next period after expiration, achieving full automation. This feature supports clear risk indicator displays, margin estimates, expected trading paths, and other auxiliary information to help users manage strategy execution more intuitively.

UK financial institutions: The positioning of stablecoin regulation and the integration of payments will become the core topics of crypto regulation in the UK in 2026

Recent UK financial institutions have reviewed the progress of cryptocurrency regulation in the UK for 2025 and looked ahead to key policy directions for 2026. UK Finance pointed out that over the past year, the UK has engaged in intensive discussions around topics such as stablecoins, Crypto Asset Trading Platforms (CATPs), and market manipulation prevention. The regulatory focus is gradually shifting from "unbacked crypto assets" to stablecoins backed by real-world assets.UK Finance stated that regulators are increasingly viewing stablecoins as tools with payment and currency attributes, rather than purely investment-type crypto assets. This classification will directly affect redemption timelines, KYC requirements, and compliance costs for issuers. It also warned that if the regulatory burden for pound sterling stablecoins is higher than that for non-pound stablecoins issued overseas, it may prompt issuers to relocate, weakening the UK's control over stablecoins and monetary policy.Additionally, UK Finance noted that the core challenge in 2026 will be to strike a balance between encouraging innovation, protecting consumers, and maintaining the resilience of the financial system. This includes rules for the redemption of systemic stablecoins, the design of multi-currency and multi-issuer structures, and the integration of stablecoins with traditional payment systems in payment scenarios. As the UK's Financial Conduct Authority launches a regulatory sandbox for non-systemic stablecoins, the UK is entering the policy implementation phase. Whether the final regulatory framework can balance innovation and competitiveness will determine if London can continue to maintain its status as an international financial center.

Analysis: U.S. stocks generally rose as investors are positioning themselves for optimistic expectations in 2026

The U.S. stock market has kicked off the traditional "Santa Claus rally," with major indices generally closing higher. Gold and silver both hit historic highs, while platinum is also nearing record levels. The cryptocurrency market, however, saw a pullback after a surge. The S&P 500 index closed higher on Monday, erasing all losses from December and is on track for an eight-month winning streak, marking the longest consecutive gains since 2018.There are multiple driving forces behind this rally. First, last Friday's record "triple witching" options expiration cleared a significant amount of bullish positions in the S&P 500 within the 6700-6800 range, creating space for stock prices to rise. The VIX volatility index fell below 15, reaching its lowest level since August, while short-term implied volatility continues to compress. Analysts believe that market makers' hedging demand has shifted to a trend-following approach, pushing the market into a "slow climb" rhythm.Secondly, seasonal factors provide a favorable environment, as historical data shows that the end of the year is typically a strong period for the stock market. Additionally, investors are positioning themselves ahead of optimistic expectations for 2026, including accelerated GDP and corporate earnings growth, as well as the potential transformation of AI trading. Federal Reserve Governor Milan stated that if the Fed does not continue to cut rates next year, there is a risk of recession, and dovish remarks further boosted risk appetite. From a technical perspective, the next psychological level for the market is the 7000-point mark for the S&P 500.
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